水產養殖是人為控制下繁殖、培育和收獲水生動植物的生產活動。一般包括在人工飼養管理下從苗種養成水產品的全過程。廣義上也可包括水產資源增殖。

水產養殖有粗養、精養和高密度精養等方式。粗養是在中、小型天然水域中投放苗種，完全靠天然餌料養成水產品，如湖泊水庫養魚和淺海養貝等。精養是在較小水體中用投餌、施肥方法養成水產品，如池塘養魚、網箱養魚和圍欄養殖等。高密度精養采用流水、控溫、增氧和投喂優質餌料等方法，在小水體中進行高密度養殖，從而獲得高產，如流水高密度養魚、蝦等。

設施漁業是20世紀中期發展起來的集約化高密度養殖產業，它集現代工程、機電、生物、環保、飼料科學等多學科為一體，運用各種新科技手段，在陸上或海上營造出適合魚類生長繁殖的良好水體與環境條件，把養魚置于人工控制狀態，以科學的精養技術，實現魚類全年的穩產、高產。

Aquaculture is the production of breeding, breeding and harvesting of aquatic plants under artificial control. It generally involves the whole process of growing aquatic products from seedlings under artificial breeding management. In a broad sense, it can also include the proliferation of aquatic resources.

Aquaculture has extensive, intensive and high-density intensive methods. Extensive farming is to put seed in medium and small natural waters, and rely on natural bait to develop aquatic products, such as fish farming in lakes and reservoirs and shallow sea scallops. Intensive cultivation is the use of bait and fertilization methods to grow aquatic products in small water bodies, such as pond fish farming, cage fish farming and fence farming. High-density intensive cultivation uses high-density culture in small water bodies by means of running water, temperature control, aeration and feeding of high-quality bait, so as to obtain high yield, such as high-density fish farming and shrimp.

Facility fishery is an intensive high-density aquaculture industry developed in the middle of the 20th century. It integrates modern engineering, electromechanical, biological, environmental protection, feed science and other multidisciplinary, using all the latest technology, on land or at sea. To create a good water body and environmental conditions suitable for fish growth and reproduction, put the fish in a state of artificial control, and use scientific intensive techniques to achieve stable and high-yield production of fish throughout the year.